Sanjay and Srikar Nandi also wrote versions of the Mahabharata. The first Bangla version of the Mahabharata was possibly Kavindra Parameshwar's Mahabharata or Kavindra Mahabharata (1525). In the 17th century, chandravati, daughter of dwija bansidas, the composer of Manasamangal, wrote Ramayanagatha. krttivas ojha (15th century) was the first to translate the Ramayana into Bangla. Several poets translated the Sanskrit Bhagavata, Ramayana and Mahabharata into Bangla during this period. The poem is also known as Govindamangal or Govindavijay and is believed to be the earliest translation work in Bangla.
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' Translated literature Maladhar Basu composed Srikrisnavijay, a free translation of the Sanskrit Srimadbhagavata. Among the padavali poets were Chandidas, jnanadas, Lochandas, govindadas, Raysekhar, Sasisekhar, Balaram Das, Narottam Das, Narahari Das and Radhamohan Thakur. Padavali or lyrical literature Padavali and other medieval lyrics were based on the story of Radha and Krishna and were written by innumerable poets, Hindu and Muslim, including some women poets. It was also during his rule that Kanka wrote Vidyasundar Kahini in praise of satyapir (c 1502).
It was during the rule of Hussein Shah that some Bengali poets began composing lyrics in brajabuli. The 45-year rule of the Hussein Shah dynasty (1493-1538) in Bengal not only led to political, social and cultural prosperity, but also nurtured bangla language and literature. The patronage provided by the Muslim rulers, particularly Sultan Alauddin Hussein Shah, his son Nasrat Shah and commander-in-chief, paragal khan, in promoting Bangla literature is specially noteworthy. He was perhaps the original Chandidas who composed verses in 1350. The introduction to srikrsnakirtan edited by Basantaranjan Ray Vidvadvallabh and published in 1916 by bangiya sahitya parisat mentions the name of Baru Chandidas. Chandidas has been credited with over a thousand lyrics. The confusion about whether there were one or several poets called Chandidas is known in Bangla literature as the 'Chandidas riddle'. The names of several poets who went by the name of chandidas have been found in the middle Ages: Adi Chandidas, Kavi Chandidas, Dvija Chandidas and Dina Chandidas. The greatest of Vaishnava writers was the poet Baru Chandidas (14th century) who rendered jaydev's Sanskrit lyrics about radha and krishna into Bangla. This period also saw the beginning of Muslim Bangla literature in the form of romantic and narrative poems. High medieval: Pre-Chaitanya period (1350-1500) During this period, Bangla literature developed in three main areas: vaishnava literature, Mangala literature and translation literature. A Bangla song has also been found in Halayudh Misra's sanskrit book sekhasubhodaya (c 1203). Another example of early Bangla is a collection of lyrical poems in Apabhramsa entitled Prakrtapaingala. Among the specimens of this period is Ramai Pandit's narrative poem Sunyapurana (13th-14th century).
The Apabhramsa of the Charyapada became more Bangla in character. The Siddhacharya, or composers of the Charyapada hymns, include Luipa, Bhusukupa, kahnapa and Savarpa.Įarly medieval: Period of transition (1201-1350) The anecdotes, rhymes and sayings of dak and khana may be dated to this period. The Charyapada hymns possess both linguistic and literary value. Because the language of these hymns is only partly understood, it is called sandhya or twilight language. The earliest extant specimens of ancient Bangla are the 47 spiritual hymns now known as charyapada composed by Buddhist monks. The bangla language, however, developed from prakrit, through apabhramsa and abahattha and outside the direct influence of Aryan languages. The modern period begins in 1800 and can again be divided into six phases: the era of prose from 1800-1860, the era of development from 1860-1900, the phase of rabindranath tagore (1861-1941) from 1890-1930, the post-Rabindranath phase from 1930 to 1947, the post-partition phase from 1947 to 1970, and the Bangladesh phase from 1971 to the present.Īncient period The conquest of Bengal by the Mauryas in the 3rd century BC led to the spread of Aryan languages in the Bengal delta.
The medieval period may again be divided into three periods: early medieval also known as the period of transition from 1200-1350 high medieval from 1350-1700, including the pre-Chaitanya period from 1350-1500 and the Chaitanya period from 1500-1700 and late medieval from 1700-1800. The different periods may be dated as follows: ancient period from 650-1200, medieval period from 1200-1800, and the modern period from 1800 to the present. Bangla Literature dates back to the 7th century at least and it may be divided into three main periods: ancient, medieval, and modern.
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